Hidronefrosis gigante: a propósito de dos casos con distintas etologías / Giant hydronephrosis: about two cases with different etologies

La hidronefrosis gigante se considera una entidad rara, caracterizada por la presencia de al menos 1 litro de líquido dentro del sistema pielocalicial, más frecuente en pacientes masculinos, generalmente asintomático. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 85 años de edad quien refiere desde hace 6 años dolor lumbar izquierdo y aumento de la circunferencia abdominal; en la TAC abdomino-pélvica contrastada se evidencia bolsa hidronefrótica izquierda gigante con corteza renal adelgazada que no concentra ni elimina el contraste. Se presenta el caso de paciente masculino de 85 años de edad quien refiere desde hace 5 años aumento de la circunferencia abdominal y la TAC abdomino-pélvica contrastada muestra importante dilatación del riñón y sistema colector derecho secundario a litiasis ureteral. A ambos pacientes se les practicó nefrectomía simple. Con respecto a la hidronefrosis gigante, la etiología más frecuente es la estenosis de la unión ureteropélvica seguido por la patología litiásica y tumoral; es importante considerar esta entidad como diagnóstico diferencial en caso de masas quísticas abdominales(AU)

Giant hydronephrosis is considered a rare entity, characterized by the presence of at least 1 liter of fluid within the pielocalicial system; is more frequent in males and often asymptomatic. We present an 85-year-old female patient who has a 6-year complain of left lumbar pain associated with increase in abdominal circumference. On CT scan, a giant left hydronephrotic pouch is evidenced, with a thinned renal wall that does not concentrate or eliminate contrast. We present a 61 year-old male who refers a 5-year asymptomatic increase in abdominal circumference. The CT scan reveals significant dilatation of the kidney and right collecting system secondary to ureteral lithiasis. Both patients undergo simple nephrectomy. The most frequent etiology of giant hydronephrosis is ureteropelvic junction stenosis followed by lithiasic and tumor pathology. It is important to consider this entity as a differential diagnosis in the case of abdominal cystic masses(AU)

Emphysematous pyelitis and cystitis associated with vesicoureteral reflux in a diabetic dog.

A 12-year-old female dog with a 3-month history of poor response to diabetes treatment had an acute worsening of symptoms, including weakness and blindness. The dog had elevated blood glucose, alkaline phosphatase and urea concentration, hyposthenuria, glycosuria, hematuria, and pyuria. Escherichia coli was isolated from the urine. Radiographs and ultrasound examination showed that the dog had unilateral emphysematous pyelitis and concurrent cystitis associated with vesicoureteral reflux.

Pyélite emphysémateuse et cystite associées au reflux vésico-urétéral chez une chienne diabétique. Une chienne âgée de 12 ans avec une anamnèse de 3 mois de mauvaise réponse au traitement du diabète a présenté un aggravement aigu des symptômes, y compris de la faiblesse et de la cécité. La chienne avait une glycémie élevée, ainsi que des concentrations sériques élevées de la phosphatase alcaline et d'urée, de l'hyposthénurie, de la glycosurie, de l'hématurie et de la pyurie. Escherichia coli a été isolé de l'urine. Des radiographies et des échographies ont montré que la chienne était atteinte de pyélite emphysémateuse unilatérale et de cystite concomitante associées au reflux vésico-urétéral.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).

Pieloplastia laparoscópica: técnica y resultados en 80 procedimientos consecutivos / Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty: Technique and Results in 80 Consecutive Patients

Objetivo: Presentar nuestros resultados a largo plazo con la técnica de pieloplastia laparoscópica de Anderson-Hynes realizada por un solo cirujano. Material y métodos: Entre agosto de 1999 y diciembre de 2009 se operaron 79 pacientes (80 cirugías) por estenosis pieloureteral primaria. Se utilizó la técnica de Anderson-Hynes por vía transperitoneal. Los pacientes fueron evaluados con ultrasonido, urografía excretora y centelleograma renal dinámico (Mag-3). Se realizó un análisis prospectivo de la serie, revisando las características perioperatorias, complicaciones y resultados. Resultados: Se realizaron 80 pieloplastias laparoscópicas en 79 pacientes. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 93,2 min (60-180). En 38 de 82 (46,3%) unidades renales se encontró como hallazgo vasos polares en proximidad a la unión pieloureteral. Anomalías renales hubo en 4 pacientes (un doble sistema pieloureteral, un uréter retrocavo asociado, un riñón en herradura y un riñón pélvico). Ocurrieron complicaciones en 5 oportunidades (6,5%): sangrado postoperatorio inmediato que se manejó por vía laparoscópica (Clavien 3b), un vólvulo de ciego en el cual se realizó una hemicolectomía derecha con buena evolución postoperatoria (Clavien 3b), una sepsis urinaria (Clavien 4a) y una fístula urinaria de manejo médico (Clavien 3a). No hubo mortalidad en la serie ni conversión a cirugía abierta. Hubo recurrencia en 3 de 80 pieloplastias laparoscópicas (3,7%), las cuales fueron resueltas de la siguiente forma: endopielotomía percutánea en un caso, pieloplastia laparoscópica en un caso y pieloplastia robótica en otro caso. La tasa global de éxito primario fue de 96,3%. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados con la pieloplastia laparoscópica transperitoneal se comparan favorablemente con aquellos logrados por la cirugía abierta. Creemos que la pieloplastia laparoscópica es una alternativa segura para el manejo de la obstrucción de la unión pieloureteral primaria

Objective: To present our long-term results with the Anderson-Hynes laparoscopic pyeloplasty, performed by a single surgeon. Materials and methods: Between August 1999 and December 2009, 79 patients (80 procedures) were operated for primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction. We use the Anderson-Hynes technique by a transperitoneal approach. Patients were evaluated with Ultrasound, Excretory urography and dynamic renal scintigraphy (Mag-3). The perioperative characteristics, complications and results were reviewed. Results: We performed 80 laparoscopic pyeloplasties in 79 patients. Mean operative time was 93.2 min (60-180). Crossing vessels were found in 38 of 82 (46.3%) renal units. Kidney abnormalities occurred in 4 patients (1 double ureteropelvic system, one associated retrocaval ureter, 1 horseshoe kidney and one pelvic kidney). Complications occurred in 5 procedures (6.5%): an immediately postoperative bleeding (Clavien 3b), 1 cecal volvulus (Clavien 3b), 1 urosepsis (Clavien 4th) and 1 urinary fistula (Clavien 3a). In this series there was neither mortality nor conversion to open surgery. There was recurrence in 3 out of 80 patients (3.7%). They were resolved as follows: 1 percutaneous antegrade endopyelotomy, 1 secondary laparoscopic pyeloplasty and 1 robotic pyeloplasty. There was a 96.3% of primary overall success rate. Conclusions: Our results show that laparoscopic pyeloplasty compares favorably with the result achieved by open surgery. We believe that laparoscopic pyeloplasty is a good surgical alternative for the management of primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction

Reparación totalmente laparoscópica de megauréter obstructivo primario con pieloplastia, preparación escisional completa y reimplante ureteral sin reflujo / Totally laparoscopic repair of primary obstructive megaureter with pyeloplasty, complete excisional tailoring and nonrefluxing ureteral reimplantation

Objetivo: Describir el primer caso de una reparación totalmente laparoscópica de megauréter congénito obstructivo con pieloplastia, preparación de abscisión intracorpórea y ureteroneocistostomía sin reflujo. Métodos: Un paciente del sexo masculino de 15 años de edad se presentó con un megauréter obstructivo. Fue utilizada la técnica patrón de pieloplastia transperitoneal de 3 puertos de entrada y un puerto adicional de 5 mm para la tracción dinámica. La disección de la pelvis y del uréter, la pieloplastia, la preparación de la abscisión ureteral intracorpórea y la ureteroneocistostomía fueron realizadas a través de laparoscopia. Se utilizó un catéter doble-J para calibrar el uréter. Resultados: El tiempo de cirugía fue de 240 min. No se observaron complicaciones intra ni postoperatorias, y se dio el alta al segundo día después de la cirugía. El paciente no tuvo dolor ni infección en el tracto urinario durante el período de 4 meses posteriores a la cirugía. En el seguimiento del paciente se constató la total resolución de la obstrucción ureteral y un calibre pélvico y ureteral adecuado. Conclusión: La pieloplastia laparoscópica, la preparación de abscisión intracorpórea y la ureteroneocistostomía sin reflujo son métodos seguros y eficientes en el tratamiento del megauréter congénito obstructivo. El abordaje totalmente laparoscópico puede ser reproducido y proporciona ventajas inherentes a las cirugías mínimamente invasivas, como baja morbilidad y ventajas cosméticas

Objective: To describe a new surgical technique of the first case of totally laparoscopic repair of primary obstructive congenital megaureter with pyeloplasty, intracorporeal excisional tailoring of the ureter and nonrefluxing ureteroneocystostomy. Methods: A 15-year-old male presented with obstructive megaureter. The standard three-port transperitoneal pyeloplasty technique and an additional 5-mm port for dynamic traction were used. Pelvic and ureteral dissection, pyeloplasty, intracorporeal excisional ureteral tailoring and nonrefluxing ureteroneocystostomy were all completed laparoscopically. A double-J stent was used to calibrate the ureter. Results: Operative time was 240 min. No intra and postoperative complications were observed, and the discharge was made on postoperative day 2. The patient was pain-free and without urinary tract infection during the 4-month period after surgery. Follow-up revealed complete resolution of the ureteral obstruction and adequate pelvic and ureteral caliber. Conclusion: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty, intracorporeal excisional tailoring, and non-refluxing reimplantation are safe and effective for the treatment of obstructive congenital megaureter. The totally laparoscopic approach is reproducible and provides low morbidity with inherent cosmetic advantages

Nephrolithiasis by Corynebacterium urealyticum infection: literature review and case report.

INTRODUCTION: Alkaline-encrusted cystitis or pyelonephritis is a chronic inflammatory condition due to deposition of crystals usually caused by urea-splitting bacteria. Corynebacterium urealyticum (CU) is a gram-positive, urea-splitting and multi-antibiotic resistant bacillus with special tropism for the urinary tract and it is often associated with encrusted pyelocystitis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here we report the case of a 75-year-old Caucasian man with a prolonged history of renal stones who was admitted for gross hematuria associated with renal failure. A diagnosis of encrusted pyelocystitis due to CU infection was made and the patient was appropriately treated. CONCLUSIONS: At 6-month follow-up the patient was in good general conditions and asymptomatic. Signs of urinary tract infection or of renal calculosis were still detectable.

Urinoma secundario a estenosis de la unión pieloureteral en el neonato. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Urinoma secondary to ureteropelvic junction obstruction in the neonate. Presentation of a case and bibliographic review

OBJETIVO: Analizar el manejo del urinoma prenatal y de la estenosis de la unión pieloureteral postnatalmente mediante el estudio de un caso y revisión bibliográfica. MÉTODOS: Se presenta el caso de neonato con EUPU y urinoma. Se comprueba función renal anulada, realizándose nefrectomía. Se ha revisado la literatura desde 1985 hasta la actualidad. DISCUSIÓN: Analizando la literatura, se observa mayoritariamente que el tratamiento de la EUPU y urinoma prenatales es conservador. Tras el nacimiento existen diversas actitudes, independientemente de la función renal remanente, como son la cirugía radical, la reconstructiva o el tratamiento conservador. CONCLUSIONES: La manipulación intraútero no está indicada sistemáticamente. La derivación urinaria sólo en casos sintomáticos y los secundarios a traumatismo o manipulación endoscópica. En riñones anulados estaría indicada la nefrectomía (AU)

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the management of prenatal urinoma and Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction (UPJO) postnatally by a case report and literature review. METHODS: We report a case of an UPJO and urinoma in a newborn. After birth, renal function was absent, and nephrectomy was performed. The literature from 1985 to date has been reviewed. DISCUSSION: By the analysis of the literature, we can observe mainly, that prenatally diagnosed urinoma and UPJO are managed conservatively. After birth, different attitudes have been carried out, independently of residual renal function, such as radical or reconstructive surgery, or conservative treatment. CONCLUSION: Intrauterine management is not indicated. Urinary diversion is indicated in symptomatic cases secondary to renal trauma or endoscopic procedure. In non-functional kidney, nephrectomy is indicated (AU)

Early treatment of acute pyelonephritis in children fails to reduce renal scarring: data from the Italian Renal Infection Study Trials.

OBJECTIVES: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation for febrile infants and young children suspected of having a urinary tract infection is early antibiotic treatment, given parenterally if necessary. In support of this recommendation, data suggesting that delay in treatment of acute pyelonephritis increases the risk of kidney damage are cited. Because the risk was not well defined, we investigated renal scarring associated with delayed versus early treatment of acute pyelonephritis in children. METHODS: The research findings are derived from 2 multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled studies, Italian Renal Infection Study 1 and 2, whose primary outcomes dealt with initial antibiotic treatment and subsequent prophylaxis, respectively. From the 2 studies, we selected the 287 children with confirmed pyelonephritis on acute technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scans who underwent repeat scanning to detect scarring 12 months later. The children were 1 month to <7 years of age when they presented with their first recognized episode of acute pyelonephritis in northeast Italy. RESULTS: Progressive delay in antibiotic treatment of acute pyelonephritis from <1 to >/=5 days after the onset of fever was not associated with any significant increase in the risk of scarring on technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scans obtained 1 year later. The risk of scarring remained relatively constant at 30.7 +/- 7%. Clinical and laboratory indices of inflammation were comparable in all groups, as was the incidence of vesicoureteric reflux. CONCLUSIONS: Early treatment of acute pyelonephritis in infants and young children had no significant effect on the incidence of subsequent renal scarring. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the rate of scarring after acute pyelonephritis when infants and young children were compared with older children.